A sniper is like a stealthy military or paramilitary expert who shoots targets from hidden spots or far away, where the target can't easily see them. Snipers are well-trained and have special rifles and powerful scopes. They often work as scouts, passing important information to their team or control center. Military snipers learn a bunch of skills, not just shooting from a distance, like staying hidden, estimating distances to targets, blending in with surroundings, moving quietly, and recognizing and observing things. The term 'sharpshooter,' used in British journals in 1801, comes from the German word Scharfschütze. This phrase talks about good manners that originated from a series of events called Schützenfeste held in Munich during the fifteenth century. In these events, small groups of shooters from German states and Swiss cantons formed teams called Scharfschützen. They proudly carried crossbows and flags, with a blade on the other side. The oldest documented weapons club dates back to 1466 in Lucerne, Switzerland.

The Confederate Marksmen, armed with imported Whitworth weapons, gained recognition as Whitworth Sharpshooters during the American Civil War. In modern warfare, a sniper is crucial for careful observation from a hidden spot. Their role is to reduce the enemy's fighting capability by neutralizing key targets, such as officers, demoralizing the enemy in the process. Sniper missions involve managing intelligence, target acquisition, providing feedback for airstrikes and artillery, supporting forces with precise fire, employing counter-sniper tactics, eliminating enemy commanders, choosing strategic targets, and even destroying military equipment. This concept is derived from Soviet and Russian military ideas and is often implemented at the squad level.

In the recent conflict in Iraq, snipers proved really useful for support during movement, especially in cities. The US and UK forces used snipers, and they typically worked in pairs—a shooter and a spotter. Their main job is to be snipers. Having a shooter and a spotter is common so that their eyes don't get tired. In recent combat, they deployed two teams for better safety and efficiency in big, crowded cities like Fallujah. Each sniper team carries a long-range weapon and a faster-firing shorter-range weapon for close combat. The German approach, developed during WWII, has had a big impact on today's snipers in the West, focusing on independent snipers, specialized camouflage, hiding on the ground, and paying attention to details. In the US military, sniper rifles fall under the category of crew-served weapons. A sniper team (or groups of snipers) works together with additional support staff and protective elements, including a spotter, flanker, or another main gun operator (like a shooter). The shooter doesn't operate alone; there's a trained backup shooter capable of performing various tasks. This setup is outlined in the Table of Organization and Equipment for both the US military and the Marine Corps.

In a sniper team, there are different roles. The shooter focuses on shooting, while the spotter helps by observing targets and dealing with things like weather conditions. The spotter also communicates with others, like directing artillery fire. Another teammate, the flanker, acts as a lookout, watching areas not directly visible to the sniper or spotter. They're armed with a faster gun for security. Both spotters and flankers have extra ammo.

The spotter identifies and prioritizes the shooter's targets, assessing the results. They predict external factors like wind speed using tools and calculate distance, angle, and adjustments needed for different conditions. The use of notebooks or tablets is rare for these calculations. Rifling improved firearm accuracy at long distances.

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A list of a few topics for The Sniper Essay compiled by the AssignmentSanta staff

• The background of sniping and how it changed throughout time.
• The function of sniping in contemporary combat.
• The sniper's selection and training process.
• The tools and arms that snipers carry about.
• The strategies and methods that snipers use in the field.
• The psychological obstacles that snipers must overcome.
• The function of sniping in efforts against terrorism.
• the practice of sniping using drones and other cutting-edge technology.
• The morality of sniping, especially "one shot, one kill"
• The part sniping plays in asymmetrical conflict.
• the practice of sniping in city settings.
• The use of sniping in special operations and nontraditional warfare.
• snipers' use of hiding and camouflage.
• the application of other physics concepts and ballistics to sniping.
• Sniping's place in countersniper and law enforcement missions.
• The significance of precise shot placement in long-range shooting.
• Sniping involves the use of scopes and other optics.
• The function of sniping in information collection and reconnaissance.
• The process of engaging and capturing long-range targets through sniping.
• The psychological toll that sniping has on an opponent.
• The part sniping plays in sabotaging enemy communications and logistics.
• The employment of sniping in propaganda and psychological warfare.
• The function of sniping in stopping enemy sniper attempts.
• The application of sniping in ground-to-air coordination and close air support.
• Maritime warfare and amphibious operations using sniping.
• Sniping is used in jungles, deserts, and other difficult areas.
• Employing sniping in polar and arctic conditions.
• The application of sniping tactics in the defense against chemical, radiological, and nuclear threats.
• The application of sniping in guerilla and unconventional warfare.